The Happiness Industry Read online

  Rapley, Mark, 250

  Rayner, Rosalie, 93

  Reagan, Ronald, 144, 149, 159

  Realeyes, 72

  real-time health data, 137

  real-time social trends, 224

  recessions, 67–8, 252

  Recognizing the Depressed Patient (Ayd), 164

  reductionism, 27, 264

  research ethics, 91–2, 225

  resilience training, 35, 273

  Resor, Stanley, 93–4, 95, 96

  retail culture, 58

  Ricard, Matthieu, 2, 4

  Robbins, Lionel, 154

  Robins, Eli, 169

  Rockefeller Foundation, 97, 99, 121

  Rogers, Carl, 146

  Roosevelt, Franklin, 101, 146

  Rowntree, Joseph, 99

  RunKeeper, 240

  Ryanair, 185

  Salter, Tim, 110

  sampling methods, 97–8

  Santa Monica, California, 4

  São Paolo, Brazil, Clean City Law, 275

  scales, 146, 165, 175, 176

  scanning technology, 75–6

  scent logos, 73

  Schrader, Harald, 44

  scientific advertising, 215

  scientific management, 118–19, 120, 136–7, 235

  scientific optimism, 242

  scientific politics, 77, 88, 145

  scientists, as source of authority, 147–8

  Scott, Walter Dill, 83, 85

  screen time, 207

  second brain, 231

  secular religions, 260

  selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 163, 166

  self-anchored striving, 147, 166, 175

  self-anchoring striving scale, 146

  self-forming groups, 200

  self-help gurus, 210

  self-help literature, 247

  self-improvement, 212

  self-monitoring, 258

  self-optimization, 213

  self-reflection, 211

  self-surveillance, 221, 230

  Seligman, Martin, 165, 277n5

  Selye, Hans, 128–31, 133, 264

  The Senses and the Intellect (Bain), 48

  sentiment analysis/tracking, 6, 221, 223, 261

  sexual orientation disturbance, 172

  sharing economy, 188

  shopping, 58, 74, 93, 188, 239

  sick notes, 112

  Sing Sing prison, 201

  Smail, David, 250

  smart cities, 220, 224, 239

  smart homes, 239

  smart watches, 37

  smartphones, 10, 207, 222, 230

  smiles/smiling, 36–7, 38

  Smith, Adam, 49, 50, 52, 55

  social, 1, 36, 184, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 211–12

  social analytics, 188, 191, 193, 196

  social capitalism, 212

  social contagion, science of, 257

  social economy, 190

  social epidemiology, 9, 250, 254

  social media, 188, 189, 199, 203, 207, 208–9, 213, 224, 261, 274

  social media addiction, 206, 207

  social network analysis, 204, 208

  social networks, 193, 194, 195, 196, 213, 225

  social neuroscience, 193, 195, 213, 214

  social obligation, 184

  social optimization, 181–214

  social prescribing, 194, 212, 246, 271

  social psychology, 125, 189, 266

  social research, 98, 202, 226

  social science, as converging with physiology into new discipline, 195

  sociology, 254

  sociometric analysis, 199

  sociometric maps, 202

  Sociometric Solutions, 239

  sociometry, 199, 201, 202, 203

  Spengler, Oswald, 121

  Spitzer, Robert, 171–3, 176, 271

  sponsored conversations, 189

  sport, as virtue for political leaders, 140

  sporting metaphors, 141

  SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), 163, 166

  St Louis school of psychiatry, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 176, 179

  Stanton, Frank, 99

  Stigler, George, 150, 152, 153, 156–7, 158, 160

  stress, 37, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 175, 250, 262, 272, 273

  Stuckler, David, 252

  subjective affect, science of, 6, 7

  subjective feelings, relationship with external circumstances, 254

  subjective sensation, 30, 45, 55, 61

  Suicide (Durkheim), 227

  Sully, James, 59, 84

  surveillance, 231, 237, 238, 240, 242. See also mass surveillance; psychological surveillance; self-surveillance surveys, 64, 97–8, 99, 100, 102, 165, 216–17, 219, 220, 223, 233, 266–7

  Szasz, Thomas, 168

  tachistoscopes, 71, 72, 75, 76, 79, 84

  ‘Taking the Narrative Out of Pain’ (Tracey), 32

  talent analytics, 238

  talking cures, 125, 127

  Task Force on Nomenclature and Statistics (APA), 172

  Tavistock Clinic (London), 205

  Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 117–20, 133, 136, 218, 272

  Taylorism, 119, 120, 123, 125, 127, 235

  team-work, 251, 256

  technology/technologies

  behavioural monitoring, 38

  bodily-tracking devices, 240

  computer programmes designed to influence feelings, 222

  digital monitoring/tracking, 135, 260

  employee fitness-tracking programmes, 240

  eye tracking, 72, 97

  facial scanning/face-scanning technology, 72, 222, 276

  fitness-tracking ticket machine, 240

  fMRI. See fMRI Health 2.0

  technologies, 135

  health-tracking wristbands, 276

  heart-rate monitoring, 25, 37, 137

  impact of on happiness science, 10–11

  impact of on market research, 73

  impact of on psychology’s claim to be objective science, 76

  mind-reading technology, 33, 75–6

  mood tracking, 5, 6, 228

  neurological monitoring, 38

  physiological monitoring, 38

  of psychological control, 274

  reverence for in Watson’s agenda, 91

  scanning technology, 75–6

  self-monitoring, 258

  sentiment analysis/tracking, 6, 221, 223, 261

  for social network analysis, 204

  in Wundt’s lab, 84

  telepathic brain-to-brain communication, 33

  Tesco, 187, 222

  testosterone, 68

  Thaler, Richard, 257

  Thatcher, Margaret, 139, 144

  Thatcherism, 34, 140

  The Theory of Advertising (Scott), 86

  The Theory of Political Economy (Jevons), 54, 56, 59

  therapeutic management, 125, 128

  Thomas, William I., 93

  Thorndike, Edward, 284n14

  time and motion studies, 118

  Townsend, Anthony, 220

  Tracey, Irene, 32

  Track Your Happiness (app), 228

  truBrain, 68

  Twitter, 187, 206, 208, 226, 267, 269–70

  tyranny of sounds, 22, 32, 97, 147, 225, 261

  Uber, 188

  UK Faculty of Public Health, 274

  unemployment, 107, 110–11, 116, 132, 144, 252

  unhappiness, 9, 249–55, 269, 272

  Unilever, 134–5

  Unitarianism, 47, 48, 50, 55

  universities, relationships of with businesses, 82

  University of Chicago, 148

  University of Michigan, 256

  University of Pittsburgh, 226

  University of Warwick (UK), 227

  University of Zurich, 195

  US military, on stress, 132

  utilitarianism, 13, 19, 22, 24, 26, 27, 38, 56, 62, 65, 97, 103, 115, 129, 159, 177, 183, 184–5, 191, 195, 212, 228, 231, 232, 242, 255, 258, 269, 274<
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  utility maximization, theory of, 62

  Valium, 162

  value, 52–5, 67

  value for money, 64

  verbal behaviour, 96, 223, 224, 253, 261

  Viner, Jacob, 149, 152

  viral marketing, 189

  Virgin Pulse, 135

  von Helmholtz, Hermann, 59, 77

  Walmart, 159

  Walras, Léon, 54

  Watson, John B., 87, 89–96, 97, 102, 113, 152, 184, 215, 223, 233, 235, 237, 264

  WEF (World Economic Forum), 1, 3, 6, 107

  well-being, 4, 5, 64, 108, 146, 245, 251, 252, 274

  well-being optimization, science of, 136

  Wellbutrin, 178

  wellness, 112, 113, 127, 129

  Wharton Pennsylvania, 82

  Whateley, Richard, 48, 54

  whiplash, 43–5, 51, 69

  Whitehall Study, 288n34

  Who Shall Survive? (Moreno), 203

  Wilkinson, Richard, 250

  Williams, Raymond, 273

  willingness to pay surveys, 64

  Winch, Guy, 196

  Winokur, George, 169

  Winslow, Edward, 117

  Wired magazine, 185

  Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 263, 264, 265, 266

  The Word of the Father (Moreno), 197, 201

  work, 55, 106, 110, 116, 122, 128, 133, 252–3

  work capability assessments, 110

  workfare, 34, 109, 274

  workplace disaffection, 108

  workplace empowerment, 136

  workplace happiness, 109, 113

  workshop system, of Chicago School of economics, 152

  World Economic Forum (WEF), 1, 3, 6, 107

  World Health Organization, 107, 126, 167, 172

  World of Warcraft (game), 205, 206, 207

  Wundt, Wilhelm, 77–81, 83–4, 86, 87, 91, 217, 257, 265

  Zak, Paul (Dr Love), 114, 195, 213, 255, 256

  Žižek, Slavoj, 177